Modern CNC machine tools are all CNC machine tools, which are generally composed of a CNC operating system and a machine tool body. The equipment is specially used to process metal or wood. It mainly consists of the following parts.
- 1) CNC device: The computer numerical control device (ie CNC device) is the core of the CNC system, which is composed of a microprocessor (CPU), memory, various I/O interfaces (interface) and peripheral logic (Logic) circuits.
- 2) Numerical control panel: The numerical control panel is the control panel of the numerical control system, which is mainly composed of a Display and a keyboard. Realize system management and input and edit (Editor) modification to NC program (procedure) and related data through keyboard and Display.
- 3) Programmable logic (Logic) control (control) PLC: PLC is a general-purpose automatic control device based on microprocessors, used to complete various logical operations and sequences of CNC machine tools (attributes: automatic machine tools) control. In the numerical control processing, the control system issues instructions to make the tool perform various movements that meet the requirements, and the shape and size of the workpiece are expressed in the form of numbers and letters, and the processing required by the processing technology. It generally refers to the process of processing parts on CNC machine tools. In order to improve the degree of production automation, shorten the programming time and reduce the cost of CNC machining, a series of advanced CNC machining technologies have been developed and used in the aerospace industry. For example, auxiliary actions such as the start and stop of the spindle, the replacement of tools, the switch of antifreeze and cooling fluid, etc.
- 4) Machine tool operation panel: General CNC machine tools (attributes: automated machine tools) are equipped with a machine tool operation panel, which is used to perform some necessary operations on the machine tool in manual mode, and to intervene in the operation of the machine tool in automatic mode. There are various required buttons and switches arranged on it.
- 5) Servo system: The servo system is divided into a feed servo system and a spindle servo system. The feed servo system mainly consists of a feed servo unit and a servo feed motor. CNC machining General CNC machining usually refers to computer digital control precision machining, CNC machining lathe, CNC machining milling machine, CNC machining boring and milling machine, etc. The feed route of finishing is basically carried out along the part contour sequence. Therefore, the focus of determining the feed route is to determine the feed route of rough machining and idle stroke. Used to complete various movements of the tool post and workbench. The spindle servo system is used for the spindle drive of CNC machine tools (attributes: automated machine tools), and is generally regulated by constant torque speed and constant power speed. In order to meet certain processing requirements, it is also required that the spindle and the feed drive can be controlled synchronously.
- 6) Machine tool body: The design and manufacture of the machine tool body must first meet the needs of CNC machining. It has the characteristics of high rigidity, high precision (precision), and adaptability to automatic operation. Generally, stepless speed regulation technology is used to make the machine tool The speed change mechanism (organization) of the feed motion and the main drive has been greatly simplified or even cancelled. In order to meet the high-precision transmission requirements, high-precision transmission parts such as ball screws and rolling slides (TTW guide) are widely used. In the numerical control processing, the control system issues instructions to make the tool perform various movements that meet the requirements, and the shape and size of the workpiece are expressed in the form of numbers and letters, and the processing required by the processing technology. It generally refers to the process of processing parts on CNC machine tools. In order to improve the degree of production automation, shorten the programming time and reduce the cost of CNC machining, a series of advanced CNC machining technologies have been developed and used in the aerospace industry. In order to improve productivity and meet the requirements of automatic processing, automatic tool holders and automatic fixtures that can automatically replace workpieces are also used.
